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A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. Usually the single drumhead is made of rawhide or man-made materials. Shells are traditionally constructed of bent wood (rosewood, oak, ash etc.) scarf jointed together; plywood and man-made materials are also used. Some frame drums have mechanical tuning and on many the drumhead is stretched and tacked in place. It is the earliest skin drum known to have existed. Examples are found in many places and cultures. It has been suggested that they were also used to winnow grain. The frame drum is one of the most ancient musical instruments; it is reputed to be the first drum to be invented. Frame drums are often constructed with a round, wooden frame. Metal rings or jingles may also be attached to the frame. Larger frame drums are played mainly by men in spiritual ceremonies; medium-size drums are played mainly by women. ==Types of frame drums== *Adufe (Portugal) *Bendir (North Africa, Turkey) *Bodhrán (Ireland) *Buben (Russia) *Crowdy-crawn (Cornwall) *Daf (Iran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Middle East) *Daires (Greece) *Duff, daff, daffli (India) *Epirotiko Defi (Greece) *Dayereh (Iran, Central Asia, Balkans) *Dob (Hungary) *Doyra (Uzbekistan) *Dhyāngro (Nepal) *Ghaval (Azerbaijan) *Kanjira (India) *Mazhar (Egypt) *Pandeiro (Brazil) *Pandereta or Pandero (Puerto Rico) *Pandereta (tuna, rondalla, estudiantina - Spain, Philippines and LatinAmerica) *Pandero (España) *Pandero cuequero (Chile) *Pandero jarocho (Mexico) *Parai (India, Sri Lanka) *Patayani thappu (India) *Ramana (Thailand) *Ravann (Mauritius) *Rebana (Southeast Asia) *Riq (Arabic world) *Sami drum (Nordic and Russia) *Shaman drum *Tamborim (Brazil) *Tambourine (Europe, USA) *Tamboutsia (Cyprus) *Tamburello (Italy) *Tammorra (Italy) *Tar (Middle East, North Africa) *Thappu (India) *Toph, Tupim (Israel) *Timbrel *Uchiwa daiko (Japan) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frame drum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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